Evaluate the following limits.
(a) Find 
(b) Find Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \lim _{x\rightarrow 0} \frac{\sin(3x)}{\sin(7x)} }
(c) Evaluate Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \lim _{x\rightarrow (\frac{\pi}{2})^-} \tan(x) }
| Background Information:
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| Recall
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| Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \lim_{x\rightarrow 0} \frac{\sin x}{x}=1}
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Solution:
(a)
| Step 1:
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| We begin by noticing that if we plug in Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle x=2}
into
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| Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \frac{\sqrt{x^2+12}-4}{x-2},}
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| we get Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \frac{0}{0}.}
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| Step 2:
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| Now, we multiply the numerator and denominator by the conjugate of the numerator.
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| Hence, we have
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| Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \begin{array}{rcl} \displaystyle{\lim _{x\rightarrow 2} \frac{\sqrt{x^2+12}-4}{x-2}} & = & \displaystyle{\lim_{x\rightarrow 2} \frac{(\sqrt{x^2+12}-4)}{(x-2)}\frac{(\sqrt{x^2+12}+4)}{(\sqrt{x^2+12}+4)}}\\ &&\\ & = & \displaystyle{\lim_{x\rightarrow 2} \frac{(x^2+12)-16}{(x-2)(\sqrt{x^2+12}+4)}}\\ &&\\ & = & \displaystyle{\lim_{x\rightarrow 2} \frac{x^2-4}{(x-2)(\sqrt{x^2+12}+4)}}\\ &&\\ & = & \displaystyle{\lim_{x\rightarrow 2} \frac{(x-2)(x+2)}{(x-2)(\sqrt{x^2+12}+4)}}\\ &&\\ & = & \displaystyle{\lim_{x\rightarrow 2} \frac{x+2}{\sqrt{x^2+12}+4}}\\ &&\\ & = & \displaystyle{\frac{4}{8}}\\ &&\\ & = & \displaystyle{\frac{1}{2}.} \end{array}}
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(b)
| Step 1:
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| First, we write
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| Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \begin{array}{rcl} \displaystyle{\lim_{x\rightarrow 0} \frac{\sin(3x)}{\sin(7x)}} & = & \displaystyle{\lim_{x\rightarrow 0} \frac{\sin(3x)}{x} \frac{x}{\sin(7x)}}\\ &&\\ & = & \displaystyle{\lim_{x\rightarrow 0} \frac{3}{7} \frac{\sin(3x)}{3x}\frac{7x}{\sin(7x)}}\\ &&\\ & = & \displaystyle{\frac{3}{7}\lim_{x\rightarrow 0} \frac{\sin(3x)}{3x}\frac{7x}{\sin(7x)}.} \end{array}}
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| Step 2:
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| Now, we have
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Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \begin{array}{rcl} \displaystyle{\lim_{x\rightarrow 0} \frac{\sin(3x)}{\sin(7x)}} & = & \displaystyle{\frac{3}{7}\lim_{x\rightarrow 0} \frac{\sin(3x)}{3x}\frac{7x}{\sin(7x)}}\\ &&\\ & = & \displaystyle{\frac{3}{7}\bigg(\lim_{x\rightarrow 0} \frac{\sin(3x)}{3x}\bigg)\bigg(\lim_{x\rightarrow 0} \frac{7x}{\sin(7x)}\bigg)}\\ &&\\ & = & \displaystyle{\frac{3}{7} (1)(1)}\\ &&\\ & = & \displaystyle{\frac{3}{7}.} \end{array}}
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(c)
| Step 1:
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| First, we write
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- Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \lim_{x\rightarrow \big(\frac{\pi}{2}\big)^-} \tan x=\lim_{x\rightarrow \big(\frac{\pi}{2}\big)^-} \frac{\sin x}{\cos x}.}
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| Step 2:
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| When we plug in values a little smaller than Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \frac{\pi}{2}}
into Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \frac{\sin x}{\cos x},}
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| we get a small denominator, which results in a large number.
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| Thus,
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| Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \lim_{x\rightarrow \big(\frac{\pi}{2}\big)^-} \frac{\sin x}{\cos x}}
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| is either equal to Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \infty}
or Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle -\infty.}
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| Step 3:
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| Since we are calculating a left hand limit, we are considering angles in the first quadrant.
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| In the first quadrant, Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \sin x}
and Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \cos x}
are both positive.
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| Hence,
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- Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \lim_{x\rightarrow \big(\frac{\pi}{2}\big)^-} \frac{\sin x}{\cos x}=\infty.}
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| Final Answer:
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| (a) Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}
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| (b) Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \frac{3}{7}}
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| (c) Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \infty}
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