Find all relative extrema and points of inflection for the function 
. Be sure to give coordinate pairs for each point. You do not need to draw the graph.
| Foundations:
|
| Since our function is a polynomial, the relative extrema occur when the first derivative is zero. We then have two choices for finding if it is a local maximum or minimum:
|
Second Derivative Test: If the first derivative at a point  is  , and the second derivative is negative (indicating it is concave-down, like an upside-down parabola), then the point Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \left(x_0,f(x_0)\right)}
is a local maximum.
|
| On the other hand, if the second derivative is positive, the point Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \left(x_0,f(x_0)\right)}
is a local minimum. You can also use the first derivative test, but it is usually a bit more work! For inflection points, we need to find when the second derivative is zero, as well as check that the second derivative "splits" on both sides.
|
Solution:
| Step 1:
|
| Find the first and second derivatives: Based on our function, we have
|
- Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle g\,'(x)\,=\,\frac{2}{3}\cdot 3x^2+2x-12\,=\,2x^2+2x-12.}
|
| Similarly, from the first derivative we find
|
- Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle g\,''(x)\,=\,4x+2.}
|
| Step 2:
|
| Find the roots of the derivatives: We can rewrite the first derivative as
|
- Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle g\,'(x)\,=\,2x^2+2x-12\,=\,2(x^2+x-6)\,=\,2(x+3)(x-2),}
|
| from which it should be clear we have roots Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle 2}
and Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle -3}
.
|
| On the other hand, for the second derivative, we have
|
- Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle g\,''(x)\,=\,4x+2\,=\,2\left(x+\frac{1}{2}\right).}
|
| This has a single root: Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle x=-\frac{1}{2}}
.
|
| Step 3:
|
| Test the potential extrema: We know that Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle x=2,-3}
are the candidates. We check the second derivative, finding
|
- Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle g\,''(2)\,=\,4\cdot 2+2\,>\,0,}
|
| while
|
- Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle g\,''(-3)\,=\,2(-3)+2\,<\,0.}
|
| Note that
|
- Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle g(2)\,=\,\frac{2}{3}(8)+4-24\,=\,-\frac{44}{3},}
|
| while
|
- Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle g(-3)\,=\,\frac{2}{3}(-27)+9-12(-3)\,=\,27.}
|
| By the second derivative test, the point Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle (2,g(2))=\left(2,-\frac{44}{3}\right)}
is a relative maximum, while the point Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle (-3,g(-3))=(-3,27)}
is a relative maximum.
|
| Step 4:
|
| Test the potential inflection point: We know that Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle g\,''\left(-\frac{1}{2}\right)=0}
. On the other hand, it should be clear that if Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle x<-\frac{1}{2}}
, then Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle g\,''(x)<0}
. Similarly, if Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle x>-\frac{1}{2}}
, then Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle g\,''(x)>0}
. Thus, the second derivative "splits" around Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle x=-\frac{1}{2}}
(i.e., changes sign), so the point Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \left(-\frac{1}{2},g\left(-\frac{1}{2}\right) \right)}
is an inflection point.
|
| Since
|
- Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle g\left(-\frac{1}{2}\right)\,=\,\frac{2}{3}\cdot-\frac{1}{8}+\frac{1}{4}-12\left(-\frac{1}{2}\right)\,=\,\frac{19}{4},}
|
| our inflection point is
|
- Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \left(-\frac{1}{2},\frac{19}{4}\right).}
|
| Final Answer:
|
| The area is maximized when both the length and width are 12 meters.
|
Return to Sample Exam