022 Sample Final A, Problem 3

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Find the antiderivative:

Foundations:  
1) What does the denominator factor into? What will be the form of the decomposition?
2) How do you solve for the numerators?
3) What special integral do we have to use?
Answer:
1) Since Failed to parse (Conversion error. Server ("https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_") reported: "Cannot get mml. Server problem."): {\displaystyle x^{2}-x-12=(x-4)(x+3)}  , and each term has multiplicity one, the decomposition will be of the form: Failed to parse (Conversion error. Server ("https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_") reported: "Cannot get mml. Server problem."): {\displaystyle {\frac {A}{x-4}}+{\frac {B}{x+3}}}
2) After writing the equality, Failed to parse (Conversion error. Server ("https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_") reported: "Cannot get mml. Server problem."): {\displaystyle {\frac {6}{x^{2}-x-12}}={\frac {A}{x-4}}+{\frac {B}{x+3}}} , clear the denominators, and evaluate both sides at x = 4, -3, Each evaluation will yield the value of one of the unknowns.
3) We have to remember that Failed to parse (Conversion error. Server ("https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_") reported: "Cannot get mml. Server problem."): {\displaystyle \int {\frac {c}{x-a}}dx=c\ln(x-a)}  , for any numbers c, a.

Solution:

Step 1:  
First, we factor
Step 2:  
Now we want to find the partial fraction expansion for Failed to parse (Conversion error. Server ("https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_") reported: "Cannot get mml. Server problem."): {\displaystyle {\frac {6}{(x-4)(x+3)}}}  , which will have the form Failed to parse (Conversion error. Server ("https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_") reported: "Cannot get mml. Server problem."): {\displaystyle {\frac {A}{x-4}}+{B}{x+3}}
To do this we need to solve the equation Failed to parse (Conversion error. Server ("https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_") reported: "Cannot get mml. Server problem."): {\displaystyle 6=A(x+3)+B(x-4)}
Plugging in -3 for x to both sides we find that Failed to parse (Conversion error. Server ("https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_") reported: "Cannot get mml. Server problem."): {\displaystyle 6=-7B}   and   Failed to parse (Conversion error. Server ("https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_") reported: "Cannot get mml. Server problem."): {\displaystyle B=-{\frac {6}{7}}} .
Now we can find A by plugging in 4 for x to both sides. This yields Failed to parse (Conversion error. Server ("https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_") reported: "Cannot get mml. Server problem."): {\displaystyle 6=7A}  , so Failed to parse (Conversion error. Server ("https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_") reported: "Cannot get mml. Server problem."): {\displaystyle A={\frac {6}{7}}}
Finally we have the partial fraction expansion: Failed to parse (Conversion error. Server ("https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_") reported: "Cannot get mml. Server problem."): {\displaystyle {\frac {6}{x^{2}-x-12}}={\frac {6}{7(x-4)}}-{\frac {6}{7(x+3)}}}
Step 3:  
Now to finish the problem we integrate each fraction to get:   to get  Failed to parse (Conversion error. Server ("https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_") reported: "Cannot get mml. Server problem."): {\displaystyle {\frac {6}{7}}\ln(x-4)-{\frac {6}{7}}\ln(x+3)}
Step 4:  
Now make sure you remember to add the Failed to parse (Conversion error. Server ("https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_") reported: "Cannot get mml. Server problem."): {\displaystyle +C} to the integral at the end.
Final Answer:  
Failed to parse (Conversion error. Server ("https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_") reported: "Cannot get mml. Server problem."): {\displaystyle {\frac {6}{7}}\ln(x-4)-{\frac {6}{7}}\ln(x+3)+C}


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