022 Exam 2 Sample A, Problem 3

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Find the antiderivative of


Foundations:  
This problem requires two rules of integration. In particular, you need
Integration by substitution (u - sub): If   is a differentiable functions whose range is in the domain of Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle f} , then
Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \int g'(x)f(g(x)) dx \,=\, \int f(u) du.}
We also need the derivative of the natural log since we will recover natural log from integration:
Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \left(ln(x)\right)' \,=\, \frac{1}{x}.}

 Solution:

Step 1:  
Use a u-substitution with Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle u = 3x + 2.} This means Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle du = 3\,dx} , or Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle dx=du/3} . After substitution we have
Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \int \frac{1}{3x + 2}\,dx \,=\, \int \frac{1}{u}\,\frac{du}{3}\,=\,\frac{1}{3}\int\frac{1}{u}\,du.}
Step 2:  
We can now take the integral remembering the special rule:
Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \frac{1}{3}\int\frac{1}{u}\,du\,=\, \frac{\log(u)}{3}.}
Step 3:  
Now we need to substitute back into our original variables using our original substitution
to find  Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \frac{\log(u)}{3} = \frac{\log(3x + 2)}{3}.}
Step 4:  
Since this integral is an indefinite integral we have to remember to add a constant  Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle C} at the end.
Final Answer:  
Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \int \frac{1}{3x + 2}\,dx \,=\, \frac{\ln(3x + 2)}{3} + C.}

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