009B Sample Midterm 1, Problem 2

Find the average value of the function on the given interval.

$f(x)=2x^{3}(1+x^{2})^{4},~~~[0,2]$

Foundations:
The average value of a function $f(x)$ on an interval $[a,b]$ is given by
Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle f_{\text{avg}}=\frac{1}{b-a}\int_a^b f(x)~dx} .

Solution:

Step 1:
Using the formula given in Foundations, we have:
Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle f_{\text{avg}}=\frac{1}{2-0}\int_0^2 2x^3(1+x^2)^4~dx=\int_0^2 x^3(1+x^2)^4~dx.}

Step 2:
Now, we use Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle u} -substitution. Let Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle u=1+x^2} . Then, Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle du=2x dx} and Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \frac{du}{2}=xdx} . Also, Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle x^2=u-1} .
We need to change the bounds on the integral. We have Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle u_1=1+0^2=1} and Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle u_2=1+2^2=5} .
So, the integral becomes Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle f_{\text{avg}}=\int_0^2 x\cdot x^2 (1+x^2)^4~dx=\frac{1}{2}\int_1^5(u-1)u^4~du=\frac{1}{2}\int_1^5(u^5-u^4)~du} .

Step 3:
We integrate to get
Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle f_{\text{avg}}=\left.\frac{u^6}{12}-\frac{u^5}{10}\right|_{1}^5=\left.u^5\bigg(\frac{u}{12}-\frac{1}{10}\bigg)\right|_{1}^5.}

Step 4:
We evaluate to get
Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle f_{\text{avg}}=5^5\bigg(\frac{5}{12}-\frac{1}{10}\bigg)-1^5\bigg(\frac{1}{12}-\frac{1}{10}\bigg)=3125\bigg(\frac{19}{60}\bigg)-\frac{-1}{60}=\frac{59376}{60}=\frac{4948}{5}} .

Final Answer:
Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \frac{4948}{5}}

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