Difference between revisions of "Math 22 Extrema of Functions of Two Variables"
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
| (One intermediate revision by the same user not shown) | |||
| Line 16: | Line 16: | ||
<math>f_x(x_0,y_0)=0</math> and <math>f_y(x_0,y_0)=0</math> | <math>f_x(x_0,y_0)=0</math> and <math>f_y(x_0,y_0)=0</math> | ||
| − | '''Example:''' Find relative | + | '''Example:''' Find the relative critical point of of: |
'''1)''' <math>f(x,y)=2x^2+y^2+8x-6y+20</math> | '''1)''' <math>f(x,y)=2x^2+y^2+8x-6y+20</math> | ||
| Line 26: | Line 26: | ||
|and: <math>f_y(x,y)=2y-6=0</math>, so <math>y=3</math> | |and: <math>f_y(x,y)=2y-6=0</math>, so <math>y=3</math> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | |Therefore, there is a | + | |Therefore, there is a critical point at <math>(-2,3)</math> |
|} | |} | ||
| Line 32: | Line 32: | ||
Let <math>f</math> have continuous second partial derivatives on an open region containing <math>(a,b)</math> for which <math>f_x(a,b)=0</math> and <math>f_y(a,b)=0</math> | Let <math>f</math> have continuous second partial derivatives on an open region containing <math>(a,b)</math> for which <math>f_x(a,b)=0</math> and <math>f_y(a,b)=0</math> | ||
Then, consider <math>d=f_{xx}(a,b)f_{yy}(a,b)-[f_{xy}(a,b)]^2</math> | Then, consider <math>d=f_{xx}(a,b)f_{yy}(a,b)-[f_{xy}(a,b)]^2</math> | ||
| + | |||
| + | Then: | ||
| + | 1. If <math>d>0</math> and <math>f_{xx}(a,b)>0</math>, then <math>f</math> has a relative minimum at <math>(a,b)</math>. | ||
| + | 2. If <math>d>0</math> and <math>f_{xx}(a,b)<0</math>, then <math>f</math> has a relative maximum at <math>(a,b)</math>. | ||
| + | 3. If <math>d<0</math>, then <math>(a,b,f(a,b))</math> is a saddle point. | ||
| + | 4. If <math>d=0</math>, no conclusion. | ||
| + | |||
| + | '''Example:''' Find the relative extrema (maximum or minimum): | ||
| + | |||
| + | '''1)''' <math>f(x,y)=2x^2+y^2+8x-6y+20</math> | ||
| + | {| class = "mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style = "text-align:left;" | ||
| + | !Solution: | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | |Consider: <math>f_x(x,y)=4x+8=0</math>, so <math>x=-2</math> | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | |and: <math>f_y(x,y)=2y-6=0</math>, so <math>y=3</math> | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | |Therefore, there is a critical point at <math>(-2,3)</math> | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | |Now: <math>f_{xx}f(x,y)=4</math> | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | |<math>f_{yy}f(x,y)=2</math> | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | |and <math>f_{xy}f(x,y)=0</math> | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | |Then, <math>d=f_{xx}(a,b)f_{yy}(a,b)-[f_{xy}(a,b)]^2=(4)(2)-0^2=8</math> | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | |Since, <math>d>0</math> and <math>f_{xx}f(x,y)=4>0</math>, then by the second-partial test, <math>f</math> has a relative minumum at <math>(-2,3)</math> | ||
| + | |} | ||
[[Math_22| '''Return to Topics Page''']] | [[Math_22| '''Return to Topics Page''']] | ||
'''This page were made by [[Contributors|Tri Phan]]''' | '''This page were made by [[Contributors|Tri Phan]]''' | ||
Latest revision as of 09:32, 18 August 2020
Relative Extrema of a Function of Two Variables
Let Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle f}
be a function defined on a region containing Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle (x_0,y_0)}
. The function Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle f}
has a relative maximum at Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle (x_0,y_0)}
when there is a circular region centered at Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle (x_0,y_0)}
such that
Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle f(x,y)\le f(x_0,y_0)}
for all Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle (x,y)}
in Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle R}
.
The function Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle f}
has a relative minimum at Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle (x_0,y_0)}
when there is a circular region centered at Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle (x_0,y_0)}
such that
Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle f(x,y)\ge f(x_0,y_0)}
for all Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle (x,y)}
in Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle R}
.
First-Partials Test for Relative Extrema
If Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle f}
has a relative extremum at on an open region Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle R}
in the xy-plane, and the first partial derivatives of Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle f}
exist in , then
Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle f_x(x_0,y_0)=0}
and Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle f_y(x_0,y_0)=0}
Example: Find the relative critical point of of:
1) Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle f(x,y)=2x^2+y^2+8x-6y+20}
| Solution: |
|---|
| Consider: Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle f_x(x,y)=4x+8=0} , so Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle x=-2} |
| and: Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle f_y(x,y)=2y-6=0} , so Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle y=3} |
| Therefore, there is a critical point at Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle (-2,3)} |
The Second-Partials Test for Relative Extrema
Let Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle f}
have continuous second partial derivatives on an open region containing Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle (a,b)}
for which Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle f_x(a,b)=0}
and Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle f_y(a,b)=0}
Then, consider Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle d=f_{xx}(a,b)f_{yy}(a,b)-[f_{xy}(a,b)]^2}
Then:
1. If Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle d>0}
and Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle f_{xx}(a,b)>0}
, then Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle f}
has a relative minimum at .
2. If Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle d>0}
and Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle f_{xx}(a,b)<0}
, then Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle f}
has a relative maximum at Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle (a,b)}
.
3. If Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle d<0}
, then Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle (a,b,f(a,b))}
is a saddle point.
4. If Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle d=0}
, no conclusion.
Example: Find the relative extrema (maximum or minimum):
1) Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle f(x,y)=2x^2+y^2+8x-6y+20}
| Solution: |
|---|
| Consider: Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle f_x(x,y)=4x+8=0} , so Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle x=-2} |
| and: Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle f_y(x,y)=2y-6=0} , so Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle y=3} |
| Therefore, there is a critical point at Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle (-2,3)} |
| Now: Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle f_{xx}f(x,y)=4} |
| Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle f_{yy}f(x,y)=2} |
| and |
| Then, |
| Since, and , then by the second-partial test, Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle f} has a relative minumum at Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle (-2,3)} |
![{\displaystyle d=f_{xx}(a,b)f_{yy}(a,b)-[f_{xy}(a,b)]^{2}=(4)(2)-0^{2}=8}](https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/e9e41d665167dfe5bef9d256225533e621346af2)
This page were made by Tri Phan