009C Sample Final 2, Problem 9

A curve is given in polar coordinates by

Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle r=\sin(2\theta).}

(a) Sketch the curve.

(b) Compute  Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle y'=\frac{dy}{dx}.}

(c) Compute  Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle y''=\frac{d^2y}{dx^2}.}

Foundations:
How do you calculate   Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle y'}   for a polar curve  Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle r=f(\theta)?}
Since   Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle x=r\cos(\theta),~y=r\sin(\theta),}   we have
Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle y'=\frac{dy}{dx}=\frac{\frac{dr}{d\theta}\sin\theta+r\cos\theta}{\frac{dr}{d\theta}\cos\theta-r\sin\theta}.}

Solution:

(a)

(b)

Step 1:
Since  Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle r=\sin(2\theta),}
Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \frac{dr}{d\theta}=2\cos(2\theta).}

Step 2:
Since
Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle y'=\frac{dy}{dx}=\frac{\frac{dr}{d\theta}\sin\theta+r\cos\theta}{\frac{dr}{d\theta}\cos\theta-r\sin\theta},}
we have
${\begin{array}{rcl}\displaystyle {y'}&=&\displaystyle {\frac {2\cos(2\theta )\sin \theta +\sin(2\theta )\cos \theta }{2\cos(2\theta )\cos \theta -\sin(2\theta )\sin \theta }}\\&&\\&=&\displaystyle {\frac {2\cos ^{2}\theta \sin \theta -\sin ^{3}\theta }{\cos ^{3}\theta -2\sin ^{2}\theta \cos \theta }}\end{array}}$
since
Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \sin(2\theta)=2\sin\theta\cos\theta,~\cos(2\theta)=\cos^2\theta-\sin^2\theta.}

(c)

Step 1:
We have   Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \frac{d^2y}{dx^2}=\frac{\frac{dy'}{d\theta}}{\frac{dr}{d\theta}\cos\theta-r\sin\theta}.}
So, first we need to find   Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \frac{dy'}{d\theta}.}
We have
Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \begin{array}{rcl} \displaystyle{\frac{dy'}{d\theta}} & = & \displaystyle{\frac{d}{d\theta}\bigg(\frac{2\cos^2\theta \sin\theta-\sin^3\theta}{\cos^3\theta-2\sin^2\theta\cos\theta}\bigg)}\\ &&\\ & = & \displaystyle{\frac{(\cos^3\theta-2\sin^2\theta\cos\theta)(-4\cos\theta\sin^2\theta+2\cos^3\theta-3\sin^2\theta\cos\theta)-(2\cos^2\theta\sin\theta-\sin^3\theta)(-3\cos^2\theta\sin\theta-4\sin \theta\cos^2\theta+2\sin^3\theta)}{(\cos^3\theta-2\sin^2\theta\cos\theta)^2}.} \end{array}}

Step 2:
Now, using the resulting formula for   Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \frac{dy'}{d\theta},}   we get
Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \frac{d^2y}{dx^2}=\frac{(\cos^3\theta-2\sin^2\theta\cos\theta)(-4\cos\theta\sin^2\theta+2\cos^3\theta-3\sin^2\theta\cos\theta)-(2\cos^2\theta\sin\theta-\sin^3\theta)(-3\cos^2\theta\sin\theta-4\sin \theta\cos^2\theta+2\sin^3\theta)}{(\cos^3\theta-2\sin^2\theta\cos\theta)^2(2\cos(2\theta)\cos \theta-\sin(2\theta)\sin\theta)}.}

Final Answer:
(a)    See above
(b)    Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle y'=\frac{2\cos^2\theta \sin\theta-\sin^3\theta}{\cos^3\theta-2\sin^2\theta\cos\theta}}
(c)
Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \frac{d^2y}{dx^2}=\frac{(\cos^3\theta-2\sin^2\theta\cos\theta)(-4\cos\theta\sin^2\theta+2\cos^3\theta-3\sin^2\theta\cos\theta)-(2\cos^2\theta\sin\theta-\sin^3\theta)(-3\cos^2\theta\sin\theta-4\sin \theta\cos^2\theta+2\sin^3\theta)}{(\cos^3\theta-2\sin^2\theta\cos\theta)^2(2\cos(2\theta)\cos \theta-\sin(2\theta)\sin\theta)}}

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